SS-31 Research Hub — Cardiolipin & Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
SS-31 (also known as elamipretide / Bendavia) is a synthetic tetrapeptide that selectively binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is widely cited in bioenergetic, cardiac and neuro-research models.
What this hub covers
- Cardiolipin binding and inner-membrane stabilisation
- ATP production and ROS-reduction literature
- Cardiac and renal ischemia-reperfusion research
- Comparisons to MOTS-c and other mitochondrial peptides
- Reconstitution and storage
SS-31 research articles
All research →Epitalon vs SS-31 — Research Comparison (2026)
Epitalon vs SS-31 (elamipretide): pineal/telomerase research peptide vs mitochondria-targeted cardiolipin peptide.
Read article →SS-31 Research Overview
SS-31 (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) belongs to a class of Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides developed by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller at Weill Cornell Medical College. The compound's distinctive alternating aromatic-cationic structure enables its...
Read article →SS-31 Benefits and Side Effects: A Research Guide
Published benefits, side effects, and trial review for SS-31 (Elamipretide) — the cardiolipin-binding mitochondria-targeted peptide with the largest clinical dataset in the mitochondrial-research literature.
Read article →MOTS-c Benefits and Side Effects: A Research Guide
Published benefits, side effects, and mechanism review for MOTS-c — the mitochondrial-derived peptide that activates AMPK and is studied for insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, and metabolic aging.
Read article →Related research hubs
Researchers studying SS-31 commonly cross-reference these compounds.
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide widely cited in metabolic, mitochondrial and longevity research.
Explore hub →Epithalon (also Epitalon or Epithalone) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed from research on the pineal peptide Epithalamin. It is widely cited in telomerase-activity and longevity research.
Explore hub →SS-31 research FAQ
- What is SS-31?
- SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, widely cited in bioenergetic research.
- What is the most-cited mechanism?
- Stabilisation of cardiolipin-cytochrome c complexes, reduction of mitochondrial ROS, and preservation of ATP synthesis under stress are the most-cited mechanisms in the published literature.
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