SS-31
Documentation & standards
- How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis (COA)
- Peptide Storage and Handling: Temperature, Light and Stability
- Research-Use-Only Compliance: What the Label Obligates
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2',6'-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂) that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, supplied for mitochondrial-function, bioenergetics, and oxidative-stress research endpoints.
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Intended strictly for controlled laboratory receptor and pathway research.
What is SS-31 (elamipretide)?
SS-31, also referenced as elamipretide, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide — D-Arg-2',6'-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂, approximately 639.8 Da — from the Szeto-Schiller peptide series. Its alternating aromatic-cationic structure drives accumulation at the inner mitochondrial membrane along the membrane-potential gradient, without a carrier or lipophilic-cation conjugate.
The compound is studied as a cardiolipin-binding research tool. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid concentrated in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it organises electron-transport-chain supercomplexes and cristae curvature. Published research with SS-31 examines mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis rates in isolated mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive-oxygen-species generation and oxidative-stress markers, cardiolipin peroxidation, and cristae architecture on electron microscopy. No cell-surface receptor is described, so the reported mode of action is biophysical rather than signalling. This page describes the compound and those studied endpoints only.
SS-31 COA and batch verification
A Janoshik Analytical report dated June 2026 for SS-31 25 mg is on file and displayed with this listing. Verification for research material supplied under this catalog follows the documented process: match the identifier on the received unit through the public batch lookup, and review the published verification standards before use.
SS-31 research material specifications
| Compound | SS-31 (elamipretide) |
|---|---|
| Sequence | D-Arg-2',6'-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂ |
| Class | Synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (Szeto-Schiller series) |
| Molecular weight | ≈639.8 Da (4 residues) |
| Molecular target | Cardiolipin, inner mitochondrial membrane |
| Endpoints studied | Mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis, membrane potential, ROS generation, cristae architecture |
| Receptor status | No cell-surface receptor described; reported action is biophysical |
| Purity specification | ≥99% |
| Physical form | Lyophilized powder in a sealed glass vial |
| Available vial sizes | 10 mg, 50 mg |
| Attached report | SS-31 25 mg — Janoshik Analytical (June 2026) |
| Storage | Refrigerated, dry, and protected from light; follow batch documentation |
Mitochondrial research context
Mitchell W et al., “The mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics as a key component of its mechanism of action” (2020), PMID 32273339. Listed for characterisation context only.
SS-31 research questions
+What is SS-31?
SS-31 (also referenced as elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide — D-Arg-2',6'-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂ — from the Szeto-Schiller peptide series. It is supplied here as laboratory research material only.
+What is the most-cited SS-31 mechanism in the literature?
Selective association with cardiolipin, a phospholipid concentrated in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Published work describes stabilisation of cardiolipin–cytochrome c interactions and electron-transport-chain supercomplex organisation, which is the basis of the bioenergetic endpoints reported in model systems.
+Which research endpoints does SS-31 literature examine?
Reported endpoints include mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis rates in isolated mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive-oxygen-species generation and oxidative-stress markers, cristae architecture on electron microscopy, and cardiolipin peroxidation measurements in cell and animal models.
+Does SS-31 act through a cell-surface receptor?
No receptor-mediated mechanism is described in the published literature. The reported mode of action is biophysical — accumulation at the inner mitochondrial membrane driven by membrane potential, followed by cardiolipin association.
+How does SS-31 differ from a conventional antioxidant?
Conventional antioxidants scavenge reactive oxygen species after they form. Literature on SS-31 describes reduced electron leak upstream, as a consequence of preserved electron-transport-chain organisation, rather than direct radical scavenging.
+Is an SS-31 analytical report available?
Yes. A Janoshik Analytical report dated June 2026 for SS-31 25 mg is on file and displayed with this listing. Researchers should still match the identifier on the received unit through the public batch lookup and review the verification standards page.
+Which SS-31 formats are offered?
SS-31 is supplied as sealed lyophilized research material in 10 mg and 50 mg vials. Current offers appear on this page.
+What is the listed purity specification?
The catalog specification is ≥99%. A specification is not the same as a batch result, so documentation associated with the received unit should be reviewed separately.
Read the SS-31 research
Research reference for SS-31 (elamipretide): the Szeto-Schiller tetrapeptide structure, cardiolipin association at the inner mitochondrial membrane, and the bioenergetic and oxidative-stress endpoints measured in published model systems.
Read article →The SS-31 (elamipretide) molecule itself: the D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ tetrapeptide sequence, analytical identity, cardiolipin association at the inner mitochondrial membrane, and the research endpoints that follow from it.
Read article →Researcher Reviews
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